Allegedly, the Aegpytian Rite of Mizraim [or Misraim] was founded in Milano/Italy in 1805 and transferred to France in 1814. But the Misraim-Rite was (and still is) not accepted by Regular Freemasonry. In 1862, another irregular rite, the Memphis-Rite took hold in the US. "The Antient and Primitive Rite of Masonry", that is Rite of Memphis, which sometimes also was called "Oriental Order of Memphis".
On 4th June 1872, the ex-mason John Yarker bought the permission to introduce the Memphis-Rite in England. Under his jurisdiction, Memphis and Misraim came together [now called The Antient and Primitive Rite of Memphis and Misraim, or Memphis-Misraim, MM]. Allegedly, on 24th September 1902 the German Theodor Reuss bought the permission from Yarker to install the Scottish Rite (AASR, 33 degrees) and the "irregular" MM-Rites (90 and 97 degrees) in Germany although Yarker has been expelled by order of the Supreme Council on recommendation of a Sovereign Tribunal held at Manchester, 18 November 1870.
Reuss published an alleged transcript of his charter in his private magazine "Oriflamme" (the issue of December 1902 mentions the 33°, 90° and 96°), the original Charter extant mentions the degrees 30°-33° (without MM) only for which Reuss has permission to give. Nevertheless, Reuss assumed making regular freemasons through his compilation of Orders. In 1917, he would render some AASR- and MM-degrees into the O.T.O., founded in 1906.
The Memphis-Rite alone sometimes was called "Antient and Primitive Rite of Masonry", sometimes "Oriental Order of Memphis", sometimes "Oriental Templars" Who was in which of Reuss' orders? How were they linked? Was an O.T.O.-member automatically an MM- member?
In the following on-line texts, the reader can find information on Memphis-Misraim, sometimes called the Mother-Order of the O.T.O.:
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